Can HMPV cause lung damage, especially in smokers?

Question

Hello doctor,

I am really concerned about my uncle. He is 57 and just recovered from HMPV, but he is still coughing badly and gets out of breath even just walking upstairs. He had pneumonia a few years ago, so I am worried this might have caused long-term damage to his lungs. The ER doctor said it was viral and would clear up, but it is weeks, and he is still not back to normal.

His oxygen levels are fine, but he feels weak, and his chest feels tight. Can HMPV cause permanent lung damage, or is it just taking a long time to heal? Should he see a pulmonologist, or is it best to wait it out? He smokes (not a lot, but still); could that be making things worse? Are there any tests he should have to check if his lungs have been damaged? Please help.

Thank you.

Answer 1

Hi,

Welcome to icliniq.com.

I read your query and understand your concern.

HMPV or human metapneumovirus (a viral respiratory infection that causes symptoms similar to the common cold or flu, such as coughing, fever, and difficulty breathing) can cause respiratory problems, especially in individuals with a history of pneumonia or lung conditions. It is a viral illness that typically resolves on its own, but some people may experience lingering symptoms like coughing, breathlessness, and chest tightness for weeks after the infection. This could be due to post-viral inflammation, airway irritation, or even a secondary bacterial infection.

Since your uncle still has significant symptoms weeks later, a follow-up with a pulmonologist is recommended.

Smoking, even occasionally, can slow recovery and worsen lung inflammation. Given his history of pneumonia, he is at higher risk for:

Post-viral reactive airway disease.
Exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (lung inflammation).
Secondary bacterial infections.
Declining lung function due to repeated infections.

Tests to consider:

CBC (complete blood count), CRP (C-reactive protein), and serum procalcitonin.
Chest X-ray or CT (computerized tomography) scan.
Pulmonary function test.
Pulse oximetry.
ECG (electrocardiogramram).

In the meantime, he can follow these steps:

Use inhalers with Budesonide or Salmeterol, two puffs twice daily. Kindly consult your doctor and take medicine accordingly.
Use a nebulizer if breathlessness worsens.
Take steam inhalation three times a day.
Quit smoking.
Do breathing exercises.
Avoid stress and heavy physical activities.

I hope this helps.

Please revert so I can assist you further.

Thank you.