What are the common dengue fever symptoms to watch for?

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Dengue is a mosquito-transmitted virus (flavivirus) and the leading cause of "arthropod"-borne viral disease in the world. Aedes mosquitoes transmit the virus and are common in tropical and subtropical parts of the world.

Dengue is characterized by the severity of muscle spasms and joint pain, or seven-day fever because of the usual duration of symptoms. Most cases are asymptomatic; rarely, severe illness and death may occur.

Dengue is now endemic in some parts of the world. A few people who were previously infected with one subspecies of the dengue virus develop severe capillary permeability and bleeding after being infected with another subspecies of the virus.

The latter illness is known as dengue hemorrhagic fever. During the fever phase, a sudden high-grade fever of approximately 40 degrees Celsius occurs that lasts two to seven days.

Associated symptoms in severe dengue include facial flushing, skin bleeding rashes, muscle pain, joint pains, headache, sore throat, eye inflammation, lack of appetite, nausea, and vomiting. It can progress to shock, organ dysfunction, disseminated intravascular coagulation, or multiorgan.

The recovery phase entails the gradual reabsorption of fluid outside blood vessels in two to three days. The patient will display a reduced heart rate at this time. The only way to avoid contracting dengue is to prevent mosquito bites and not travel to endemic areas.

Preventative measures include the following.

1. Bed nets while in bed, even in the daytime, insecticide-treated materials (ITMs) like window curtains, application of mosquito repellent creams (containing DEET, IR3535, or Icaridin), coils, and developing the habit of wearing full sleeve dresses help prevent mosquito bites.
2. Fish: The viviparous species Poecilia reticulata has been used in confined water bodies, such as large water tanks and open freshwater wells. Predatory copepods: These small freshwater crustaceans have proven to be effective only in specific container habitats.
3. Mosquitoes infected with Wolbachia (an intracellular parasite) are less susceptible to dengue infection than wild-type A. aegypti.
4. Mosquito chemical usage in big breeding containers; Insecticide spray: Space sprays can be applied as thermal fogs and cold aerosols. Oil-based formulations are preferred as they inhibit evaporation. Some of the commonly used insecticides are organophosphorus compounds (fenitrothion, malathion) and pyrethroids (bioresmethrin, cypermethrin).
5. Finding the breeding areas and eliminating the pests; proper management of rooftops and sunshades; and appropriate covering of stored water, like buckets, pots, etc.
6. The sensitization can be done by audiovisual media or mass awareness campaigns. Community participation is essential to sensitize communities to their active participation in dengue control programs.
7. CYD-TDV, a live recombinant tetravalent dengue vaccine, the first to be licensed, is approved for endemic areas.

I hope this helps you.

Take care.

Regards.