IBS vs. Colon Cancer: What Is the Difference?

Introduction:

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and colon cancer are two conditions that affect the colon. When experiencing gastrointestinal symptoms, it is essential to know the difference between IBS and colon cancer. Though they both affect the colon, these conditions differ notably in their nature, causes, and treatments. This article explores the differences between colon cancer and IBS, as well as their symptoms, methods of diagnosis, and treatment.

What Are the Symptoms of IBS?

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common condition that affects the stomach and colon (large intestine), also referred to as the gastrointestinal tract. IBS symptoms can vary, but they typically last for a long time. The most commonly encountered symptoms are as follows:

• Constipation.

• Diarrhea.

Other symptoms;

• Abdominal pain.

• Bloating.

• Increased gas.

• Sensation of incomplete bowel movements.

• Whitish mucus in stool.

• Changes in bowel habits.

What Causes IBS?

The exact cause of IBS is unknown, but it likely involves a combination of factors.

• Strong muscle contractions in the intestines that usually last longer than usual.

• Issues in nerves of the digestive system.

• Severe infections that are caused by bacteria or viruses.

• Stress.

• Changes in gut microbes.

Risk Factors;

• Occurs in people under 50 years of age.

• More common in women.

• Family history.

• Anxiety, depression, stress, and certain foods.

What Are the Symptoms of Colon Cancer?

Colon cancer is an abnormal growth of cells that forms in the tissues of the large intestines, specifically the colon. Many patients with colon cancer initially show no symptoms, but symptoms may differ based on the location and size of the cancer. The following are the symptoms of colon cancer.

• Abdominal cramps or pain.

• Constipation.

• Dark stool or blood in the stool.

• Diarrhea.

• Increased gas.

• Fatigue.

• The feeling of incomplete bowel movements.

• Rectal bleeding

• Unexpected weight loss.

What Causes Colon Cancer?

The root cause of colon cancer is still not known. However, some researchers have identified changes in the DNA of colon cells that cause rapid and uncontrolled growth in the colon, forming tumors.

• Individuals above 50 years of age.

• Black people have higher rates of colon cancer compared to others.

• Family history.

• Inflammatory bowel disease.

• Obesity.

• Smoking.

• Alcohol consumption.

• Diabetes.

How Is IBS Diagnosed?

IBS cannot be definitively diagnosed with a test: a thorough medical history, physical examination, and some additional tests to rule out other disorders.

Medical History:

The doctor will ask about the following;

• A family history of gastrointestinal disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease, colon cancer, or celiac disease.

• Medications.

• Stressful incidents related to the beginning of the symptoms.

• Recent infections.

• Eating habits.

• Health issues that are more prevalent among IBS patients.

Physical Examination

The doctor looks for:

• Abdominal bloating.

• Listen to noises coming from inside the abdomen.

• Taps the abdomen to feel for any soreness or discomfort.

Tests:

• Blood Tests: A blood sample is taken from the patient and sent to the laboratory to check for conditions other than IBS, such as infection, digestive diseases, and anemia.

• Stool Test: A stool test checks for blood in stool or other signs of infection.

Other Tests

• Hydrogen breath test.

• Upper GI endoscopy with biopsy.

• Colonoscopy.

How Is Colon Cancer Diagnosed?

• Fecal Occult Blood Test: This test examines the hidden blood in stool.

• Barium Enema: It is an X-ray exam designed to examine the large intestine.

• Colonoscopy: A colonoscopy is the preferred diagnostic procedure for studying the colon. It has the highest sensitivity of all the tests.

• Flexible Sigmoidoscopy: To check for cancer or polyps, a doctor places a sigmoidoscope—a thin, flexible tube—through the rectum, into the anus, and the large intestine.

• Virtual Colonoscopy: Also referred to as computed tomography (CT) colonography—is used to screen for colon and rectal cancer. This is a non-sedative procedure performed in the radiology department.

• Stool DNA Test: A stool DNA test involves a kit that doctors first prescribe for use as a colon cancer screening test. The kit has instructions and a container to collect stool samples at home.

How to Treat IBS?

The goal of IBS treatment is symptom relief so that the patient can lead a life that is as symptom-free as possible. Stress management, dietary adjustments, and lifestyle modifications are frequently effective ways to reduce mild symptoms. A doctor might advise attempting one of the following adjustments:

• Avoid clear foods that aggravate symptoms.

• Consume foods high in fiber.

• Make sure to stay hydrated.

• Engage in regular exercise.

• Make time to sleep.

Medications are given to relieve constipation, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Medication recommendations may be made based on symptoms, including:

• Fiber Supplement: Constipation may be managed by taking a Psyllium supplement with water.

• Laxatives: If fiber is ineffective in relieving constipation, the doctor can suggest over-the-counter laxatives such as polyethylene glycol or magnesium hydroxide oral (Phillips' Milk of Magnesia).

• Anti-diarrheal Medications.: Diarrhea can be controlled with over-the-counter drugs like Loperamide.

• Anticholinergic Medications: Medications like Dicyclomine can ease the agony of spasms in the intestine.

• Tricyclic Antidepressants: In addition to alleviating melancholy, these drugs block the activity of neurons that govern the intestines.

• Depression Medications: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants, such as Fluoxetine or Paroxetine, may be able to help with depression and experience discomfort and constipation.

• Pain Relievers: Pregabalin or Gabapentin may relieve severe discomfort or bloating.

How to Treat Colon Cancer?

The treatment of colon cancer varies on the stage of cancer.

• Early-Stage Cancer: Surgery might involve removing polyps during a colonoscopy or laparoscopic surgery.

• Advanced-Stage Cancer: Partial colectomy is the surgical term for removing a portion of the colon. During this treatment, the surgeon removes the colon's cancerous portion and tissue from both sides of the cancer. The healthy sections of the colon or rectum can be rejoined. However, rejoining the healthy sections of the colon or rectum is sometimes impossible following a colectomy. The surgeon makes an incision in the abdomen to let waste leave the body.

• Additional Therapies:

1. Chemotherapy: Kills cancer cells using strong medications.

2. Radiation Therapy: Targets cancer cells with high-powered energy beams.

3. Targeted Therapy: Targets particular compounds present in cancer cells with medication.

4. Immunotherapy: Aids in the immune system's destruction of cancerous cells.

• Palliative Care: Focuses on relieving pain and other symptoms of colon cancer.

Conclusion:

IBS and colon cancer are two separate illnesses that affect the colon. Understanding the differences can be essential for prompt diagnosis and efficient treatment. If one is experiencing persistent or concerning symptoms, consult a healthcare professional for appropriate evaluation and advice.