How to identify and manage HIV-associated kidney problems?

Question

Hello doctor,

My cousin was told that he has HIV-related kidney problems. How to know if it is nephropathy or some other kidney-related problem? What tests are needed to confirm nephropathy? Is dialysis the only option if it gets worse, or are there other treatments to manage the condition? Kindly suggest.

Answer 1

Hello,

Welcome to icliniq.com.

I understand your concern.

HIV-associated nephropathy may show symptoms like swelling, high blood pressure, or abnormal urine tests showing protein or blood. I suggest you plan for KFT (kidney function test), RBS (random blood sugar), LFT (liver function test), complete urine analysis, CBC (complete blood count), and USG (ultrasonography) of the abdomen for confirmation. If the condition of the patient is getting serious, plan for a kidney biopsy too.

Treatment includes antiretroviral therapy to control HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), medications to lower blood pressure and protein leakage, and dietary changes. Dialysis is an option for severe kidney failure, but kidney transplants or other supportive therapies may also help in advanced cases. Kindly avoid salt-rich and processed foods.

I hope this information helps you.

Thank you.