How well do pneumococcal vaccines work?

Question

Hello doctor,

I am interested in learning how to prevent pneumococcal disease. How effective are the available vaccines, and who should get them? Are there different types of vaccines for adults and children, and how often do they need to be administered for protection? If someone is already at higher risk due to age or health conditions, what additional precautions should they take to avoid pneumococcal infections? What are the common side effects of the vaccine, and is there anything to watch out for after getting vaccinated?

Please guide.

Answer 1

Hello,

Welcome to icliniq.com.

I read your query and can understand your concern.

Pneumococcal disease is an infection caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. It is contagious and may cause severe illness, so early diagnosis and treatment are important.

Its presentation can be sinusitis (inflammation of the tissue lining the sinuses), pneumonia (infection of the lungs), and meningitis ( inflammation of the protective membrane covering the brain). Patients with sinusitis can present with a running nose and nasal congestion. Patients with pneumonia can present with fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Patients with meningitis can present with headaches, fever, and seizures.

Patients who are at increased risk include:

1. Patients with cochlear implants (a medical device that allows individuals with hearing loss to listen).

2. Patients with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak.

3. Patients with diabetes (high blood sugar).

4. Patients with kidney disorders.

5. History of splenectomy (removal of spleen).

6. Immunocompromised conditions like HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) / post-organ transplantation.

7. Elderly people.

8. Chronic alcoholics and smokers.

Pneumococcal vaccine is advised for children and all individuals who are above 65 years of age irrespective of their health status. It is quite effective in preventing the occurrence of pneumonia due to Streptococcus pneumonia. Vaccination schedules vary between children and adults and they shall be followed as per the national policy. It is recommended for children and the elderly and must be taken by all such individuals. This vaccine is quite safe and only mild side effects like fever, and local site pain can occur.

Measures for the prevention of pneumonia in general include:

1. Regular vaccination should be given two to four weeks after recovery from pneumonia including COVID-19 (a respiratory illness caused by coronavirus SARS-CoV-2), pneumococcal, and influenza vaccinations, if not taken already.

2. Maintain an active and healthy lifestyle.

3. Ensure the consumption of a balanced and nutritious diet.

I hope I have answered your question.

Let me know if I can assist you further.

Thank you.