Does pneumococcal vaccine help with pneumococcal disease?

Question

Hi doctor,

I have heard about the pneumococcal vaccine, but I am not sure if it is something you need for life or just once.

Is the pneumococcal vaccine supposed to protect you forever, or do you need boosters later?
What exactly causes pneumococcal disease?
I know it is related to pneumonia, but how does someone get pneumococcal pneumonia?
If someone gets pneumococcal pneumonia, what is the best way to treat it?
Do they need antibiotics or some other treatment?

I have heard pneumonia can be really serious, and I am wondering if the vaccine helps with all kinds of pneumonia or just the pneumococcal one. It is confusing to know what the difference is between all these types of pneumonia.

Please help.

Thank you.

Answer 1

Hi,

Welcome to icliniq.com.

I read your query and can understand your concern.

Pneumococcal disease is an infection caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. It is contagious and may cause severe illness, so early diagnosis and treatment are important. Its presentation can be sinusitis, pneumonia, and meningitis. Patients with sinusitis can present with a running nose and nasal congestion. Patients with pneumonia can present with fever, cough, shortness of breath, and wheezing. Patients with meningitis can present with headaches, fever, and seizures.

Patients who are at increased risk include:

1. Patients with cochlear implants.

2. Patients with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak.

3. Patients with diabetes.

4. Patients with kidney disorders. History of splenectomy.

5. Immunocompromised conditions like HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) / post organ transplantation.

6. Elderly people.

7. Chronic alcoholics and smokers.

If such symptoms are there, urgent pulmonologist consultation should be taken either virtually or physically, so that proper diagnosis can be established.

Pneumococcal vaccine is advised for children and all individuals who are above 65 years of age, irrespective of their health status. It is quite effective in preventing the occurrence of pneumonia due to streptococcus pneumonia. Vaccination schedules vary between children and adults, and they shall be followed as per the national policy.

It is recommended for children and the elderly and must be taken by all such individuals. This vaccine is quite safe, and only mild side effects like fever and local site pain can occur.

Types of Pneumococcal Vaccines-

There are two main types of pneumococcal vaccines recommended for adults:

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV13 or PCV20): PCV13 protects against 13 types of pneumococcal bacteria. PCV20 covers 20 types and is recommended for adults over 65 and those with certain health conditions.
Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine (PPSV23): PPSV23 protects against 23 types of pneumococcal bacteria and is often given after the conjugate vaccine.

Recommended Schedule

For most adults over 65, it is typically recommended to get one dose of PCV20 or a sequence of PCV13 followed by PPSV23 after a certain interval. Your doctor can provide personalized advice based on your health history and any previous vaccinations.

Getting vaccinated is a proactive step to safeguard your health as you age. It is always a good idea to discuss any concerns or questions with your healthcare provider to ensure you are following the best plan for your health needs. If you have not already, consider scheduling your vaccination soon.

Measures for the prevention of pneumonia in general include:

1. Regular vaccination should be given two to four weeks after recovery from pneumonia, including COVID-19, pneumococcal, and influenza vaccinations, if not taken already.

2. Maintain an active and healthy lifestyle.

3. Ensure the consumption of a balanced and nutritious diet.

I hope I have answered your query.

Let me know if I can assist you further.

Thank you.