Can leprosy spread through direct contact?

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Leprosy is a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium leprae. This organism is similar to the bacteria that cause tuberculosis (TB), and their treatment is also similar, often lasting for months. However, the treatments and drugs used are not the same. Leprosy causes lesions on the skin, mucous membranes, eyes, nerves, and tissues. If untreated, these lesions can spread internally, affecting nerves and leading to swelling and loss of sensation. Over time, this can cause deformities such as loss of digits and toes, as well as a saddle nose deformity.

Leprosy is transmitted through prolonged contact with untreated leprosy patients over several months. It does not spread easily or quickly and is not contracted from the ground or soil. You cannot get this infection by touching objects touched by infected individuals or by hugging them. There is minimal risk of contracting the disease from casual contact with patients.

To reduce the risk of transmission, avoid prolonged contact with infected individuals and wear a mask while going outside, especially given current health situations. Recent evidence suggests that leprosy may spread through droplets from sneezing or coughing, or through bodily fluids. Therefore, it is best to avoid close personal contact with patients and to use a mask to prevent droplet transmission. Leprosy is treated with multidrug therapy, and following the prescribed treatment can effectively cure the disease.

I hope this has helped you. Please feel free to reach me again, in case of further queries.

Thank you.