Should I get genetic testing with a family history of TNBC?

Question

Hello doctor,

My aunt has been diagnosed with triple-negative breast cancer, and I am wondering if I should get tested for any genetic risks.

How likely is it that I could be at risk for triple-negative breast cancer due to family history?
What genetic markers should I be tested for, such as BRCA mutations?
What does the testing process involve, and how can I determine if it is necessary or beneficial for me?
If I do carry a genetic mutation linked to breast cancer, what are the next steps for monitoring or reducing my risk?
Are there preventative measures I can take now, regardless of the results, to lower my risk of developing breast cancer in the future?

Please help.

Thank you.

Answer 1

Hello,

Welcome to icliniq.com.

I understand your concern.

Your aunt was diagnosed with triple-negative breast cancer, which has a poorer prognosis than other types of breast cancer. Breast cancer is a genetically inherited disease, which is why screening programs are there to detect the cancer at its early stage and treat it. The risk factors of breast cancer are:

BMI (body mass index) is more than 30.
Obesity.
Genetic factors BRCA1 and BRCA2.
Nulliparity.
Avoiding breastfeeding.
Radiation exposure.
Smoking.
Use hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) for more than ten years.
Age.
Female sex.
Early menarche, less than 12 years.
Late menopause, more than 55 years.

Preventive measures of breast cancer are as follows:

Early detection by clinical examination for three to six months, and ultrasound of the breast for women less than 40 years of age. Women more than 40 years of age need breast clinical exams and mammograms yearly.
Maintain a healthy diet, regular exercise, and weight reduction.
Genetic testing of BRCA1 and BRCA2 (breast cancer genes).
Avoid radiation.
Limit alcohol consumption and quit smoking.
Encourage breastfeeding.
Avoid HRT (hormone replacement therapy); if not, limit its duration.

As you age 35 years, you have to start a breast clinical examination as a screening program; you need to be aware of any changes in your breast, do a self-examination, feel for any lump, any skin changes, any nipple retraction, do breast clinical exams and ultrasound or mammogram yearly by a health care provider.

I hope this helps.

Kindly follow up if you have more concerns.

Thank you.