Kemerovo - Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis

Introduction

Kemerovo is also known as Kemerovo tick-borne viral fever. Kemerovo is a disease accompanied by meningitis caused by a tick bite. The prevalence of the disease is seen in a few countries, such as Western, eastern Siberia, the Ural, and the European portion of Russia. However, more information is needed about the prevalence and genetic diversity of KEMV in Western Siberia. Consequently, several studies aimed to explore the KEMV prevalence and genetic diversity in Western Siberian ticks. The presence of KEMV and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) genes was examined in a total of 1958 Ixodes Persulcatus, Ixodes Pavlovskiy, and their hybrids from the Novosibirsk and Omsk provinces, Altai Republic (Russia), and East Kazakhstan province (Kazakhstan). In addition, the KEMV virus was found for the first time in Pakistan. The genomic differences between the KEMV variants were isolated in the 1960s and observed in 2010. The evolution of virus families takes place. Evolution is a long-term process in which a virus changes its structure with time.

What Is Kemerovo?

Kemerovo is called Kemerovo tick-borne viral fever. Kemerovo fever was diagnosed in Western Siberia in the 1960s and 1970s. The viral tick-transmitted pathogen is generally a tick born with the encephalitis virus. Therefore, Kemerovo fever is a tick-borne infection brought on by KEMV. Fever, rashes, skin, and neurological problems are the symptoms of Kemerovo fever. However, over the past 40 years, the diagnosis of Kemerovo fever has become less common, and the interest in KEMV and Kemerovo fever has declined. KEMV has been categorized as a forgotten infectious agent as a result.

What Causes Kemerovo?

Kemerovo tick-borne viral fever is caused by the Kemerovo virus (KEMV). Kemerovo virus (KEMV) is a member of the Reoviridae family, Orbivirus genus, and Ixodes ticks transmit it. KEMV can cause aseptic meningitis (inflammation in the layer of the brain) and meningoencephalitis. About 30 or more viruses that Ixodes ticks in Eurasia can transmit to humans and animals. One of these pathogens belongs to the Flavivirus genus. Tick-borne encephalitis Virus (TBEV) is common in Eurasian and belongs to the Flaviviridae family. Flavivirus can seriously damage the human central nervous system. Kemerovo virus (KEMV) is isolated from Ixodes Persulcatus ticks. Later, in Western Siberia, this virus was regularly recovered from Ixodes Persulcatus ticks and the cerebrospinal fluid (fluid found in the human brain) of patients who had contracted a fever illness after being bitten by a tick. Some human patients hospitalized with aseptic meningitis, meningoencephalitis, and suspected cases of febrile tick-borne encephalitis (sickness of the brain) following a tick bite had KEMV isolated from them.

What Are Symptoms of Kemerovo?

Kemerovo virus affects the brain and nervous system of humans. It is a febrile illness with symptoms similar to meningitis (brain inflammation).

The following are the symptoms of Kemerovo:

• Headache.

• Fever.

• Joint and muscle pain.

• Fatigue.

• Rashes on the skin.

• Weakness.

• Seizures (uncontrollable or sudden shakiness in the limbs).

• Confusion.

• Hallucinations.

• Loss of feeling.

• Partial or total paralysis (numbness).

• Unconsciousness.

• Hearing or speaking issues.

• Muscle weakness.

• Nausea.

• Diarrhea (a condition in which the body’s solid waste is more liquid than normal and comes out frequently).

• Stiffness.

• Reduced appetite.

• Restlessness.

How Is Kemerovo Diagnosed?

Kemerovo is classified as a forgotten infectious disease. However, the presence of the genome of KEMV can diagnose Kemerovo. The following are the ways to diagnose Kemerovo:

1. Physical Examination - Patients with febrile disease can be checked for signs and symptoms of fever. Skin rashes can be a sign of infection.

2. Neurological Examination - Neurological signs such as confusion, seizures, involuntary movements, and tremors indicate Kemerovo viral fever.

3. Blood Tests - A complete blood test can show increased white blood cells count, confirming infection.

4. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) - MRI shows the images of brain inflammation if it occurs in the case of encephalitis.

5. Reverse Transcriptase PCR (Rt-PCR) - RT-PCR is a technique used to diagnose the genome of the virus. This technique confirmed the presence of the KEMV genome.

How Is Kemerovo Treated?

• The exact treatment for Kemerovo has yet to be discovered. The disease's prognosis depends on the patient's age and immunity.

• Symptomatic treatments can cure patients with Kemerovo.

• The suspected or identified agent must be specifically treated whenever possible.

• Acyclovir antiviral therapy is recommended. Acyclovir prevents the replication of viruses.

• Antiviral medicine is injected intravenously due to side-effect and toxicity, patients must be regularly checked for appropriate blood counts.

• The cornerstone of any treatment plan for acute encephalitis is supportive care.

• Fos-phenytoin administered intravenously reduces seizures.

• Maintaining respiration, heart rhythm, fluid balance, and subsequent bacterial infections require close attention.

Conclusion

Studies and researches show little information about the relationship between tick species and KEMV. Researchers are making efforts to isolate the virus and understand the potential threat to the public after the evolution of the virus. New diagnostic aids and treatment strategies need to be introduced to prevent infection. Scientists are trying to understand the mechanism of tick infection and the interaction between tick viruses and its vector to invent an anti-tick vaccine. Anti-tick vaccine will be of great significance in reducing tick-borne viruses and shielding people and animals from KEMV.